Christianity first emerged as a sect of Judaism around Judea.
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Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Christian Before Christianization (the spread of Christianity):
Historical polytheism (the worship of or belief in multiple deities) Historical paganism (denoting various non-Abrahamic religions )
Christianity developed in Judea in the mid-first century CE, based first on the teachings of Jesus and later on the writings and missionary work of Paul of Tarsus. Initially, Christianity was a small, unorganized sect that promised personal salvation after death. Jewish Christianity. After the death and resurrection of Jesus, Christianity first emerged as a sect of Judaism, which was practiced in the Roman province of Judea. The first Christians were all Jews, who constituted a Second Temple Jewish sect with an apocalyptic eschatol ogy. While unified in its core beliefs, Christianity has evolved into three major branches: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodox Christianity . The latter, in turn, is further divided into Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Church of the East. This diversity within unity is a reflection of the rich and complex history of the Christian faith. Church History Timeline Important epistles are (†) martyred at Rome. 150 St. Justin Martyr describes the liturgical Church centered in the Eucharist. Liturgical worship is rooted in both the Old and New Testament. 202 St. Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, has martyred several books against heresies. 215-290 The rise of Christian sc Antioch. 244-49 Th • 258 St. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, author and theologian is martyred. • 300 Christianization of Britain • 303 St. Alban is martyred • 300-305 The Emperor Diocletian Christianity. Thousands of Christians, including St. Geo St. Barbara and St. Catherine are martyred. 313 Emperor Constantine ended the persecution of Christians and gave them the right to exercise their faith freely. The Edict of Milan marks an end to the period of Roman persecution of Christianity. 325 The Council of Nicea settles the significant heretical challenges to the Chris Arius asserts that the Father created Christ. St. Athanasius defends the eternality of the Son of God. Nicea is the first of Seven Ecumenical (church-wide) Councils (325–787). 326 Empress Helena finds the Cross of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem. Later, she builds the Church of the Resurrection, the place of Christ’s Resurrection, where each year Orthodox Pascha (Easter), the Holy Fire descends. 330 Beginning and spread of monasticism in Egypt: St. Anthony and Pachomius. • 397 Synod of Carthage ratifies Biblical Canon. 343 St. Nicholas, Bishop • 330-410 Period of the great Fathers of the Chur Athanasius, Basil the Great, Gregory the The Ambrose of Milan, John Chrysostom, and others. 381 The Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople reaffirms the need to have five Patriarchates: Rome Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. • 410 Alaric, leader of the Germanic Visigoths, takes Rome 451 Council of Chalcedon affirms an apostolic doctrine of two Natures in Christ. • 563 The Great Church, Hagia Sofia, consecrated in Constantinople. 584 St. Sabba found where later the typography for church services was developed • 589 A local synod of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain adds filioque to the Nicene Creed. This error causes division between the Eastern and Western churches. • 630 First, the Persians, then the Arabs threaten the Byzantine The empire persecuted Christians and destroyed churches. 685 The spread of monasticism on Mt. Athos begins. • 726 Emperor Leo the Isaurian starts his campaign against the veneration of icons. • 771 Arabs invade Spain. 780 St. John Damascene, author of the Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. 787 The Era of Ecumenical Seventh Council restores church. 864 The Prince Boris Sts. Cyril and Methodius spread the Orthodox faith To the Slavs. 988 Rus (Russians) to Christianity. 1051: Sts. Anthony and Theodosius found their monastery near Kyiv. • 1054 The Great Schism occurs. Two major issues include Rome’s claim to universal papal supremacy and adding the filioque clause to the Nicene Creed. The Photian Schism (880) further complicates the debate. • 1066 Norman conquest of Britain. Orthodox hierarchs were Replaced by those loyal to Rome. 1095 The Crusades, begun by the Roman Church, weakened the Eastern Orthodox churches in Palestine and Syria. • 1204: The Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders adds to the estrangement between East and West. • 1333 St. Gregory Palamas defends the Orthodox practice of hesychast spirituality and the use of the Jesus Prayer. • 1438 St. Mark of Ephesus defends the Orthodox faith at the Council of Florence. • 1453: Turks overrun Constantinople; Byzantine empire ends. • 1455 Gutenberg prints the Bible. 1517 Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the door of the Roman Church in Wittenburg begins Protestant Reformation. • 1529: The Church of England begins pulling away from Rome. • 1782: First publishing of the PHIL Spirituality. 1794 Russian missionaries, St. Herman and others Alaska; introduce • In 1871, St. Nicholas established a Japanese mission. • 1870: Papal infallibility becomes Roman Dogma. Persecuted and martyred. • 1918: Bishop Tikhon of San Francisco becomes Patriarch of Russia. • 1988, 1000 years of Orthodoxy in Russia, as Ortho Church worldwide maintains the fullness of Apostolic F. • 1990: Beginning of renewal of Orthodoxy in Ruy. Important epistles are (†) martyred at Rome. 150 St. Justin Martyr describes the liturgical Church centered in the Eucharist. Liturgical worship is Rooted in both the Old and New Testaments. 202 St. Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, has martyred several books against heresies. 215-290 SAW The Rise of Christianity in Africa and Asia. • 258 St. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, author and theologian is martyred. • 300 Christianization of Britain • 303 St. Alban is martyred • 300-305 The Emperor Diocletian Christianity. Thousands of Christians, including St. Geo St. Barbara and St. Catherine are martyred. 313 Emperor Constantine ended the persecution of Christians and gave them the right to exercise their faith freely. The Edict. Of Milan marks an end to the period of Roman persecution of Christianity. 325 The Council of Nicea settles the significant heretical challenges to the Chris Arius asserts that the Father created Christ. St. Athanasius defends the eternality of the Son of God. Nicea is the first of Seven Ecumenical (church-wide) Councils (325–787). 326 Empress Helena finds the Cross of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem. Later, she builds the Church of the Resurrection, the place of Christ’s Resurrection, where each year Orthodox Pascha (Easter), the Holy Fire descends. 330 Beginning and spread of monasticism in Egypt: St. Anthony and Pachomius. • 397 Synod of Carthage ratifies Biblical Canon. 343 St. Nicholas, Bishop • 330-410 Period of the great Fathers of the Chur Athanasius, Basil the Great, Gregory the The Ambrose of Milan, John Chrysostom, and others. 381 The Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople reaffirms the need to have five Patriarchates: Rome Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. • 410 Alaric, leader of the Germanic Visigoths, takes Rome 451 Council of Chalcedon affirms an apostolic doctrine of two natures in Christ. • 563 The Great Church, Hagia Sofia, consecrated in Constantinople. 584 St. Sabba found where later the typography for church services was developed • 589 A local synod of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain adds filioque to the Nicene Creed. This error causes division between the Eastern and Western churches. • 630 First, the Persians, then the Arabs threaten the Byzantine The empire persecuted Christians and destroyed churches. 685 The spread of monasticism on Mt. Athos begins. • 726 Emperor Leo the Isaurian starts his campaign against the Veneration of icons. • 771 Arabs invade Spain. 780 St. John Damascene, author of the Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. 787 The Era of Ecumenical Seventh Council restores church. 864 The Prince Boris Sts. Cyril and Methodius spread the Orthodox faith among the Slavs. 988 Prin Rus (Russians) to Christianity. 1051: Sts. Anthony and Theodosius found their monastery near Kyiv. • 1054 The Great Schism occurs. Two major issues include Rome’s claim to universal papal supremacy and adding the filioque clause to the Nicene Creed. The Photian Schism (880) further complicates the debate. • 1066 Norman conquest of Britain. Orthodox hierarchs were replaced by those loyal to Rome. 1095 The Crusades, begun by the Roman Church, weakened the Eastern Orthodox churches in Palestine and Syria. • 1204: The Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders adds to the estrangement between East and West. • 1333 St. Gregory Palamas defends the Orthodox practice of hesychast spirituality and the use of the Jesus Prayer. • 1438 St. Mark of Ephesus defends the Orthodox faith at the Council of Florence. • 1453: Turks overrun Constantinople; Byzantine empire ends. • 1455 Gutenberg prints the Bible. 1517 Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the door of the Roman Church in Wittenburg begins Protestant Reformation. • 1529: The Church of England begins pulling away from Rome. • 1782: First publishing of the PHIL spirituality. 1794 Russian missionaries, St. Herman and others Alaska; introduce • In 1871, St. Nicholas established a Japanese mission. • 1870: Papal infallibility becomes Roman Dogma. 1917 The Rev persecuted and martyred. • 1918: Bishop Tikhon of San Francisco becomes Patriarch of Russia. • 1988, 1000 years of Orthodoxy in Russia, as Ortho Church worldwide maintains the fullness of Apostolic F • 1990: Beginning of renewal of Orthodoxy in Ruy. Important epistles are (†) martyred at Rome. 150 St. Justin Martyr describes the liturgical Church centered in the Eucharist. Liturgical worship is rooted in both the Old and New Testament. 202 St. Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, has martyred several books against heresies. 215-290 The rise of Christian sc Antioch. 244-49 Th • 258 St. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, author and theologian is martyred. • 300 Christianization of Britain • 303 St. Alban is martyred • 300-305 The Emperor Diocletian Christianity. Thousands of Christians, including St. Geo St. Barbara and St. Catherine are martyred. 313 Emperor Constantine ended the persecution of Christians and gave them the right to exercise their faith freely. The Edict. Of Milan marks an end to the period of Roman persecution of Christianity. 325 The Council of Nicea settles the significant heretical challenges to the Chris Arius asserts that the Father created Christ. St. Athanasius defends the eternality of the Son of God. Nicea is the first CENERTY. Seven Ecumenical (church-wide) Councils (325–787). 326 Empress Helena finds the Cross of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem. Later, she built the Church of the Resurrection, the place of Christ’s Resurrection, where each year, Orthodox Pascha (Easter), the Holy Fire descends. 330 Beginning and spread of monasticism in Egypt: St. Anthony and Pachomius. • 397 Synod of Carthage ratifies Biblical Canon. 343 St. Nicholas, Bishop • 330-410 Period of the great Fathers of the Chur Athanasius, Basil the Great, Gregory the The Ambrose of Milan, John Chrysostom, and others. 381 The Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople reaffirms the need to have five Patriarchates: Rome Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. • 410 Alaric, leader of the Germanic Visigoths, takes Rome. 451 Council of Chalcedon affirms the apostolic doctrine of two natures in Christ. • 563 The Great Church, Hagia Sofia, consecrated in Constantinople. 584 St. Sabba found where later the typography for church services was developed, • 589 A local synod of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain adds filioque to the Nicene Creed. This error causes division between the Eastern and Western churches. • 630 First, the Persians, then the Arabs threaten the Byzantine The empire persecuted Christians and destroyed churches. 685 The spread of monasticism on Mt. Athos begins. • 726 Emperor Leo the Isaurian starts his campaign against the veneration of icons. • 771 Arabs invade Spain. 780 St. John Damascene, author of the Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. 787 The Era of Ecumenical Seventh Council restores Church. Sts. Cyril and Methodius spread the Orthodox faith among the Slavs. 988 Prin Rus (Russians) to Christianity. 1051: Sts. Anthony and Theodosius found their monastery near Kyiv. • 1054 The Great Schism occurs. Two major issues Rome’s claim to universal papal supremacy and adding the filioque clause to the Nicene Creed. The Photian Schism (880) further complicates the debate. • 1066 Norman conquest of Britain. Orthodox hierarchs were replaced by those loyal to Rome. 1095 The Crusades, begun by the Roman Church, weakened the Eastern Orthodox churches in Palestine and Syria. • 1204: The Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders adds to the estrangement between East and West. • 1333 St. Gregory Palamas defends the Orthodox practice of hesychast spirituality and the use of the Jesus Prayer. • 1438 St. Mark of Ephesus defends the Orthodox faith at the Council of Florence. • 1453: Turks overrun Constantinople; Byzantine empire ends. • 1455 Gutenberg prints the Bible. 1517 Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the door of the Roman Church in Wittenburg begins Protestant Reformation. • 1529: The Church of England begins pulling away from Rome. • 1782: First publishing of the PHIL Spirituality. 1794 Russian missionaries, St. Herman and others Alaska; introduce • 1871: St. Nicholas establishes a Japanese mission. • 1870: Papal infallibility becomes Roman Dogma. 1917 The Rev persecuted and martyred. • 1918: Bishop Tikhon of San Francisco becomes Patriarch of Russia. • 1988, 1000 years of Orthodoxy in Russia, as Ortho Church worldwide maintains the fullness of Apostolic F • 1990: Beginning of renewal of Orthodoxy in Russia. History of Christianity. (2024, November 10). In Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christianity.
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