#1 Photons are the smallest particles of electromagnetic energy

#1 Photons are the smallest particles of electromagnetic energy

A PHOTON is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. A  PHOTON IS A particle representing a quantum of light or other...
#2 Photons are the smallest particles of electromagnetic energy

#2 Photons are the smallest particles of electromagnetic energy

The electromagnetic field, which underpins the forces of electromagnetism, derives its existence from electric charges. Unlike the electronic field, which is associated with electrons, the electromagnetic field itself is devoid of charge, necessitating the presence of...
STAR STUFF, QUASARS, PULSARS, NEUTRON STARS, ETC.

STAR STUFF, QUASARS, PULSARS, NEUTRON STARS, ETC.

Old stars explode to form gas and dust. Our Milky Way is a part of the Local Group. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with an estimated visible diameter between 170,000 and 200,000 light-years (ly). They estimate it to contain 100–400 billion stars and at least...
Key points about criticisms of the Big Bang theory:

Key points about criticisms of the Big Bang theory:

BIG BANG  THEORY FLAWS PART 1. 2 Light elements: lithium and helium… Antimatter annihilation. … Surface-Brightness. … Too Large Structures. … Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) and its Anisotropies. … Dark Matter. A significant...
Kinesins are motor proteins that transport cargo.

Kinesins are motor proteins that transport cargo.

Molecular motors use polymer tracks to move cellular cargoes around the cell. Complex molecular motors drive the systems. A conventional kinesin molecule travels continuously along a microtubule in discrete 8-nm steps. This processive movement is generally explained...