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Spontaneous symmetry breaking to an asymmetric state

Every field theory of particle physics is based on certain symmetries of nature whose existence is deduced from observations. All matter around us is made of elementary particles, the building blocks of matter. These particles occur in two basic types called quarks and leptons.  Each group consists of six particles, which are related in pairs, or “generations”.  
  • Hadrons  are a subatomic particle of a type including the baryons and mesons, which can take part in the strong interaction.
  • Hadron, any member of a class of subatomic particles that are built from quarks and thus react through the agency of the strong force. The hadrons embrace mesonsbaryons (e.g., protonsneutrons, and sigma particles), and their many resonances. All observed subatomic particles are hadrons except for the gauge bosons of the fundamental interactions and the leptons. Except for protons and neutrons that are bound in atomic nuclei, all hadrons have short lives and are produced in the high-energy collisions of subatomic particles. The other three basic forces of nature also affect hadron behavior: all hadrons are subject to gravitation; charged hadrons obey electromagnetic laws; and some hadrons break up by way of the weak force (as in radioactive decay), while others decay via the strong and the electromagnetic forces.
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  • Leptons − Leptons are particles that interact using the weak nuclear force. Leptons are fundamental particles and so can not be split into any smaller particles. These include: electrons, muons, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and their respective antiparticles. Quarks Quarks are the particles that make up Hadrons.
  • Baryons and mesons are examples of hadrons. Any particle that contains quarks and experiences the strong nuclear force is a hadron. Baryons have three quarks inside them, while mesons have a quark and an antiquark.  The neutron is a stable subatomic particle (a hadron) when bound in atomic nuclei.  Hadrons are particles comprised of quarks and gluons which are held together by the strong interaction force.
  • The quarks, which are the components of protons and neutrons, move back and forth at a speed close to the speed of light, and in random directions. This back and forth movement, or zigzag motion, has already been quantified.
  • An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom. Electrons in atoms exist in spherical shells of various radii, representing energy levels. The charge on a single electron is considered as the unit electrical charge.  electrons truly are fundamental particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. They are a type of fundamental particles called leptons. Protons and neutrons, on the other hand, are no longer thought to be fundamental particles.
  • In nuclear fusion, radioactive decay converts hydrogen into helium and powers the sun. The weak force is one of the four fundamental forces that govern all matter in the universe (the other three are gravity, electromagnetism and the strong force).
 
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