We need to abandon the idea of particles altogether. Fields generate particles. Specified 3D pixelated latticework fields generate all particles. Dark energy is a field inherent to space itself. Particles are just excited quantum fields themselves. The Higgs quantum field creates mass. The Higgs field mediates interactions between fermions, which results in masses by the Higgs mechanism. The electromagnetic quantum field determines the charge. The shared properties of the particle families include spin (inherent angular momentum), color charge, baryon number, lepton number, lepton family number, mass, and electric charge. They are bound together in a quantum state.
Electromagnetic (QED) and color-charge (QCD) fields are also fundamental quantum fields. A web of quantum fields covers the universe. They are in the lowest-energy state (zero-point energy). The values of quantum fields fluctuate. Quantum states have programmed rules for fundamental indeterminism. When the quantum fields shift into a higher energy state, particles are born. They are localized. In the quantum world, particles become waves. Some of the properties are continuous, while others are discrete. The fundamental constants that determine the specific values of particle properties are six quarks and antiquarks with three colors each, three charged leptons and antileptons, three neutrinos and antineutrinos, and eight massless gluons, three weak bosons, one massless photon, and 1 Higgs boson. The standard model doesn’t account for dark matter or dark energy or the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry.
Blackbody radiation refers to the spectrum of light emitted by any heated object. A blackbody is an object that absorbs all radiation that falls on it. The four laws of thermodynamics describe the relationships between thermal energy, heat, and other forms of energy and how energy affects matter. Complexity is local.
The Big Bang created all of the energy still around today, in one form or another. All life processes energy of some sort. This drives the chemical reactions in that life form. Processing energy causes heat. The brain is a high-energy user. Hydrogen atoms showed up first. Entropy showed up immediately after the big bang. We get our energy from the sun. We’re sitting within a cascade of daily energy. Our sun emits eleven million tons of radiated heat and light every second. Half is hydrogen, and half gets turned into helium. It takes 700,000 years for the energy to move from below to the sun’s surface. It then takes eight minutes to arrive on Earth. Our reservoir of energy is only eight minutes away. There are 300 billion other suns in our Milky Way and a trillion other galaxies in the visible universe. Our sun is five billion years old, with 5 or 6 billion more years to light up our lives.
Our cells each have a spinning wheel that throws off energy 24/7. Proton rivers are a constant source of energy. Protons are the worker bees. Information is contained in all of your living cells. Your DNA is information central; it uses, distributes, and stores information. Your database for life runs the show for you. The complexity of life operates within you in the living years.
The past is gone, but it is still out there. Chaos is a deterministic differential that displays sensitive dependence upon initial conditions. Time paths that look random are generated. Variable chaotic motion and a system’s spatial structure vary with time. The smaller the system, the fewer the variables. Each phase of a system provides an additional degree of freedom.
