- If you think that unguided random chance can blindly create and build out a human cell over time, you are a cult member of flat earth society.
- A cell converts DNA into working proteins. The translation process can be seen as decoding instructions for making proteins involving mRNA in transcription and tRNA. A cell must first transfer information from DNA to mRNA to manufacture protein molecules through transcription. Then, a translation process uses this mRNA template for protein assembly. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink). The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene.
- Ribosomes are the specialized cellular structures in which translation takes place. The ribosome is a series of complex mechanisms primarily associated with the cellular structure. During translation, ribosomes move along an mRNA strand. The genetic code has a set of rules used to interpret the nucleotide sequence within a molecule of mRNA. A sequenced series of three-nucleotide codon units is an operational mechanism within each cell. This mechanism kicks out 64 combinations of codons, 61 are amino acids, and 3 are stop signals that trigger the end of protein synthesis. A stop codon signals the end of the genetic message. There are 20 different amino acids (some are redundant to safeguard protein synthesis.) There is no overlap in the genetic code.
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The amino acids carried by the tRNA molecules are then bound together.
Figure 7: Each successive tRNA leaves behind an amino acid that links in sequence. The resulting chain of amino acids emerges from the top of the ribosome.Another step in translation is elongation. - This process is repeated along the entire length of the mRNA, thereby elongating the polypeptide chain emerging from the top of the ribosome. A long chain of amino acids emerges as the ribosome decodes the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide or a new protein. There are three places on the ribosome where tRNAs bind. All things are triune, with binary interactives.
- A completed protein has a job to perform.
- Sometimes, post-translational modifications are required before a protein is completed.
