Many postulate a force roughly the strength of gravity (i.e., it is much weaker than electromagnetism or the nuclear forces) with a range of anywhere from less than a millimeter to cosmological scales. Another proposal is a new weak force mediated by W′ and Z′ bosons....
Three major scientific discoveries during the last century contradict the expectations of scientific atheists (or materialists). 1st: The physical universe had a beginning. Contrary to the expectations of scientific materialists who had long portrayed the...
The anthropic principle says that we, observers, exist. We exist in this Universe, and therefore the Universe exists in a way that allows observers to come into existence. It is the initial condition of the universe that needs to be fine-tuned, not the value today....
In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that cause interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases. Asymptotic freedom is a feature...
A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material. Polaritons are hybrid particles made up of a photon strongly coupled to an electric dipole. Examples of such a dipole include...
