Why are the quark and lepton so small? Quarks make up, amongst other things, the protons, and neutrons in the nucleus. Leptons include electrons and neutrinos. Quarks and leptons’ difference is that quarks interact with the strong nuclear force,...
Theorists have come up with a mechanism to give particles masses that require a new particle, the Higgs boson. The Standard Model includes the matter particles (quarks and leptons), the force-carrying particles (bosons), and the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is...
The Big Bang carries theological implications regarding the concept of creation out of nothing. Transcending the entire universe, there exists a cause that brought the universe into being. They caused our whole universe to exist by something beyond it and more...
SLOW ROLL APPROXIMATION: theories of inflation assume there exists some scalar field ϕϕ that permeates the Universe and drives inflation. The kinetic energy of the field is negligible compared to the potential energy of the field. This equation shows that the...
YOU HAVE AN EITHER OR CHOICE TO MAKE: EITHER THIS HAPPENED: This universe is one of many variegated universes, produced by physical processes that randomly scan through (a subset of) the set of possible physics. Eventually, a life-permitting universe was born. We can...
