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Every symmetry of the laws of physics leads to a conservation law

VERN BENDER
  • Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley: An English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician who did his greatest work in astrophysics, investigating the motion, internal structure, and evolution of stars. He also was the first expositor of the theory of relativity in the English language.  
    • Eddington’s greatest contributions were in the field of astrophysics, where he did pioneer work on stellar structure and radiation pressure, subatomic sources of stellar energy, stellar diameters, the dynamics of pulsating stars, the relation between stellar mass and luminosity, white dwarf stars.
    • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (b. 1646, d. 1716) was a German philosopher, mathematician, and logician who is probably most well known for having invented the differential and integral calculus (independently of Sir Isaac Newton).  Leibniz states in several texts that our reasonings are based on two fundamental principles: the Principle of Contradiction and the Principle of Sufficient Reason.
    • René Descartes:  He invented analytical geometry and introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method. He is regarded as one of the greatest philosophers in history. His analytical geometry was a tremendous conceptual breakthrough, linking the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra.  He was the first major figure in the philosophical movement known as rationalism, a method of understanding the world based on the use of reason as the means to attain knowledge.
  •  Emmy Noether: Noether linked two important concepts in physics: conservation laws and symmetries.  Noether’s theorem is important, both because of the insight it gives into conservation laws, and also as a practical calculational tool. It allows investigators to determine the conserved quantities (invariants) from the observed symmetries of a physical system.
  • Conservation laws and symmetry:  The theorem states that each continuous symmetry of a physical system implies that some physical property of that system is conserved. Conversely, each conserved quantity
  • has a corresponding symmetry.
  • These kinds of rare processes let us indirectly look for physics beyond the Standard Model,” Bhattacharya says. “If the rate is different from what we expect, it could be because there are other particles or processes influencing what we’re seeing.
  • In physics, a conservation law states that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. From Noether’s theorem, each conservation law is associated with a symmetry in the underlying physics.
  • In physics, a symmetry of a physical system is a physical or mathematical feature of the system (observed or intrinsic) that is preserved or remains unchanged under some transformation.
  • A family of particular transformations may be continuous (such as rotation of a circle) or discrete (e.g., a reflection of a bilaterally symmetric figure, or rotation of a regular polygon). Continuous and discrete transformations give rise to corresponding types of symmetries. Continuous symmetries can be described by Lie groups while discrete symmetries are described by finite groups (see Symmetry group).
  • These two concepts, Lie and finite groups, are the foundation for the fundamental theories of modern physics. Symmetries are frequently amenable to mathematical formulations such as group representations and can, in addition, be exploited to simplify many problems.
  • Arguably the most important example of a symmetry in physics is that the speed of light has the same value in all frames of reference, which is known in mathematical terms as the Poincaré group, the symmetry group of special relativity. Another important example is the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations, which is an important idea in general relativity.
  • It states that the amount of the conserved quantity at a point or within a volume can only change by the amount of the quantity which flows in or out of the volume. From Noether’s theorem, each conservation law is associated with a symmetry in the underlying physics [a differentiable symmetry of nature].
  • At the smallest scales, the matter is governed by a series of rules outlined in the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • At low energies, these rules allow quarks and electrons to combine into stable atoms. As the available energy increases, the number of possible subatomic processes does as well.
  • In physics, symmetry is a property of the laws of nature.  Some laws are non-deterministic, some are chaotic.  The behavior of the system’s transformation remains unchanged.
  • Every symmetry of the laws of physics leads to a conservation law, and every conservation law arises from a symmetry in the laws of physics.  
  • The four main types of symmetry are translation, rotation, reflection, and glide reflection.
  • The symmetry known as the homogeneity of time leads to the invariance principle that the laws of physics remain the same at all times, which in turn implies the law of conservation of energy.
  • THE LAW THAT CONTROLS ALL PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IS THIS:
  • ALL THINGS ARE TRIUNE, WITH BINARY INTERACTIVES.  THIS IS THE LINKAGE BETWEEN MATTER AND FORCE CARRYING PARTICLES. THE LINKAGE BETWEEN THE PARTICLE ZOO IS CONTROLLED BY FERMIONS AND BOSONS. 
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