The cosmological constant has to be enormously fine-tuned to prevent the universe from rapidly exploding or collapsing to a point. It has to be fine-tuned for life to have a chance. Disturbance waves or excitations in the particle and force fields are called...
The 1970s introduced string theory, grand unification, supersymmetry, and the naturalness argument. Problems of naturalness arise in influential field theories. All matter fields need to be coupled to the gravitational field. Naturalism does not accomplish that....
The 2016 upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider has produced none of the new elementary particles that theorists had been expecting for decades. It has, however, discovered 59 new hadrons, including the tetraquarks, along with new mesons and baryons. The unnaturally...
The universe contains twelve matter fields and four force fields. The Higgs field is an invisible energy field that is also present throughout the universe. It imbues other particles with mass. The interaction of the elementary particles with the Higgs field causes...
Mass and Energy are different manifestations of basically the same thing. Both distort the curvature of space-time. Any form of energy is a source of gravity. Think of light, which has energy but no rest mass. General relativity is not general enough; it needs to...
