Biological molecules are the building blocks of living cells

VERN BENDER

2 years ago

Our home’s timeline: There are 3 Geologic Eras. In the Paleozoic Era,
The Mesozoic Era and The Cenozoic Era.
There are 5 Eons.

Eon	Time (mya)
Hadean	4,540–4,000
Archean	4,000–2,500
Proterozoic	2,500–538.8
Phanerozoic	538.8–present

There are four periods of human civilization.

Ancient Times (600 B.C. to 476 A.D.)
The Middle Ages (476 A.D. to 1450 A.D.)
Early Modern Era (1450-A.D. to 1750 A.D.)
Modern Era (1750 A.D to Present)*
*So, here we are.
There are five ages of man: The Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the industrial age, and the High-tech/Information age.

In the Paleolithic period (roughly 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 B.C.). Early humans lived in caves or simple huts and were hunters and gatherers.
The ten major mass extinctions were:
1st: Great Oxygenation Crisis (2.3 Billion Years Ago).
2nd: Snowball Earth (700 Million Years Ago). An lce desert covered the earth.
3rd: End-Ediacaran Extinction (542 Million Years Ago).
4th: Cambrian-Ordovician Extinction Event (488 Million Years Ago).
5th: Ordovician Extinction (447-443 Million Years Ago). 85% gone.
6th: Late Devonian Extinction (375 Million Years Ago). 75% gone,
7th: Permian-Triassic Extinction Event (250 Million Years Ago). The great dying. 97% gone. 10 million years of volcanic eruptions. Ozone layer gone.
8th: The Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event (200 Million Years Ago). Hot. Mid-atlantic rupture. Greenhouse gases. Pangena forms.
9th: The K/T Extinction Event (65 Million Years Ago). Dino gone. The small mammals made it through. The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, or the K-T event, is the name given to the die-off of the dinosaurs and other species that took place some 65.5 million years ago.
10th: The Quaternary Extinction Event (50,000-10,000 Years Ago).
WHY THE EXTINCTIONS? Asteroid Strikes. Climate Change. Disease. Loss of Habitat. Lack of Genetic Diversity. Better-Adapted Competition. InvasiveSpecies. Lack of Food. Pollution. Human Predation.
The earth’s geological record is written in the book of rocks. The rocks know.
Some mountains were pushed up from the ocean floor. The Camberian explosion was biology’s big bang. The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The geological time scale divides up this vast time interval. The oldest fossils are between 3 billion and 3.5 billion years old.
Geological Timescale.

The four major periods of plant evolution were the move to land, the development of vascular tissue, and gymnosperm and angiosperm emergence. Occurring within the Ordovician, late Ordovician, Devonian & Carboniferous period and Cretaceous period respectively. The timescale of early land plant evolution spanned roughly 345 million years.
Plants first evolved over 3.7 billion years ago alongside all other life on earth, however the last common ancestor for all land plants is thought to have occurred 450 million years ago as plants made the jump to land in the Ordovician period. Eukaryiotic organisms obtain mitochondria and chloroplasts as laid out in the endosymbiotic theory. seedless vascular plants are ferns &/ club mosses. Charles Darwin refered to the emergence and evolution of angiosperms as a mystery. 90% of today’s land plants are angiosperms.
Biological molecules are fundamental building blocks of cells in living organisms. There are 3 chemical bonds in biological molecules: covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds. All biological molecules contain carbon except one: water. Water contains hydrogen, but it does not contain carbon. Water is an inorganic molecule.
The past always gets completed in a current event. The temproal always slips into the future, time decides. Is temperoral always open ended? Only time can decide. The future is created, one instance at a given time.

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