Dark energy is controlled by quintessence, a 5th force field
VERN BENDER
The muon is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with an electric charge of −1 e and a spin of 1/2, but with a much greater mass.
The quark group includes six particles, including up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. The lepton group comprises the electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino, electron, muon, and tau particles. The bosons have the photon, gluon, Z particle, W particle, and the Higgs.
Muons behave like tiny magnets. The muon is a lepton that decays to form an electron or positron.
The largest (in terms of mass) fundamental particle is a top quark.
THE FIFTH FORCE:
Dark matter comprises undiscovered subatomic particles. They controlled dark energy by a fifth force called quintessence (A fundamental property of space itself).
WIMPS (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) Quintessence can be attractive or repulsive, depending on its kinetic and potential energy ratio.
Photons don’t interact with dark energy.
The Cosmos comprises:
70% dark energy, 25% dark matter, 4% free hydrogen & helium, 0.5% stars/planets. 0.3% neutrinos, & 0.03% heavy elements.
Where dark energy is a repulsive force that stretches our universe.
Dark matter has the opposite effect. It acts as a parking brake to slow down a more rapid expansion. It also holds the superstructures of galaxies together. The dark matter particles are lightweight axions and heavyweight WIMPS (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles).
