THERE ARE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES OF NATURE & MAYBE MORE
VERN BENDER
We have thoroughly proven general relativity and quantum mechanics in their separate fields of relevance. General relativity is a framework that only focuses on gravity to understand the universe in regions of large scale and high mass: stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc.
Quantum mechanics is a theoretical framework that only focuses on three non-gravitational forces for understanding the universe in regions of both small scale and low mass: sub-atomic particles, atoms, molecules, etc. Quantum mechanics successfully implemented the standard model that describes the three non-gravitational forces. Entanglement between subsystems of a pure state gives rise to effective mixed states. The decoherence function of quantum physics brings decoherence to a quantum system in a superposition state and then moves it into the classical state. Quantum dynamics is the quantum version of classical dynamics, and a quantum leap takes place, forcing it to the classic level.
Dynamical dualism maintains that neither discrete particles nor continuous waves have an exclusive claim to physical reality. Every existing system in the universe sits somewhere, surrounded by other stuff and interacting with it.
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The Theory of Everything explains the values of all fundamental constants, coupling constants, elementary particle masses, and mixing angles of elementary particles—also, the gauge groups of the standard model and how they are observed in spacetime.
ARE THERE UNOBSERVED FUNDAMENTAL FORCES?
There are four known forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force, and the weak force. The four fundamental forces govern how all objects and particles in the universe interact with each other. The fifth fundamental force of nature is the interactions of muons on particles. Muons are unstable subatomic particles, similar to electrons, but +200 times larger than electrons. We may associate muons with a subatomic particle not yet discovered. The particle(s) may be a leptoquark, a Z ‘boson, a Z-prime boson, or something else.
The standard model needs to be updated now and wholly rewritten as soon as it is possible.
In quantum physics, a system is dynamic, and it changes, resulting in a unitary transformation. There are both unitary and non-unitary dissipative processes. Entanglement is not invariant under general unitary transformations and is thus susceptible to unitary dissipation. An accurate unitary dissipative process enables the production of entanglement.
Entanglement entropy is a measure of how quantum information is stored in a quantum state. Quantum entanglement leads to connections between subsystems that may be arbitrarily far apart in space. If a quantum system in a superposed state interacts with another particle, the two become linked to a composite superposition.
The quantum world is fuzzy and uncertain. The realm of the quantum is random and unpredictable, while the classical domain is orderly and deterministic. Chaos begets order, and a binary operation that combines two elements to produce another element is commutative.
A loss of coherence (decoherence) destroys these fundamental quantum properties, and the states behave more like distinct classical systems. In quantum mechanics, the environment has a central role in how things happen. Quantum mechanics is the constructor of the classic level of physics, and it transfers instructive information from the quantum level to the classical station.
