- Intelligent design (ID) is a set of beliefs that challenges the scientific theory of evolution, while Neo-Darwinism is a theory of evolution.
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ID is a set of beliefs that some natural phenomena are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than the scientific theory of evolution. ID theorists believe that the complexity of life on Earth is too great to be explained by Darwinian mechanisms and propose that an intelligent cause is the best explanation. They compare natural systems to human artifacts and conclude that the complex features of nature are evidence of design.
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Neo-Darwinism is a theory of evolution that states that all living things can be traced back to the same microscopic organisms that changed and mutated in time. Natural selection is the mechanism that explains the survival of the strongest species.
- DNA that had been labeled as “junk DNA,” “selfish DNA,“ or selfish genetic elements.“ Richard Dawkins famously erected a widely popular philosophy of evolution based on “The Selfish Gene“ (1976).
- Support for evolution guided by divine intervention has a toehold in the quasi-scientific Intelligent Design (ID) movement by Michael Behe (“Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution,“ 1996) and carried on by members of the Discovery Institute and other creationist think tanks. The basic argument that ID theorists make is that natural selection of random hereditary changes cannot produce genomes capable of expressing all the intricate networked adaptations modern molecular biology has revealed to operate in living organisms. This conundrum is, in Behe’s words, “irreducible complexity.“ Hence, the ID theorists posit a need for divine intervention.
- Shapiro is a great biologist who has offered many keen insights into genomic functioning. I am not an ID proponent, and that is fine. I would disagree with his characterization of ID as an opposing argument against evolution in favor of “divine intervention.
- The Struggles of Neo-Darwinism
- However, he is correct in noting that neo-Darwinism struggles to account for the “intricate networked adaptations modern molecular biology has revealed to operate in living organisms.“ I appreciate his recognition that ID got this one right. Shapiro thinks that natural genetic engineering can account for much of this intricate complexity, and we in the ID movement are interested in seeing how far these mechanisms of pre-programmed evolution can take us.
- I think they might be helpful in fine-tuning preexisting functions and may be involved in what Emily Reeves recently wrote about as “continuous environmental tracking.” However, I am skeptical that Dr. Shapiro’s model can account for much of life’s essential complexity. For the moment, I am content to be grateful to him as a non-ID scientist who recognizes something ID has gotten right.
- Some souls will continue to exist in the afterlife.
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- . One universe is no infinity.
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