Galaxies are not distributed randomly throughout the universe
Vern Bender
Galaxies are not distributed randomly throughout the Universe but are grouped in gravitationally bound clusters. The smaller clusters are called groups. Galaxies are distributed in local clusters, large-scale clusters, and superclusters. There are vast voids in between these galaxy clusters. We orbit our parent star; we revolve around the galaxy. Our Milky Way is a small part of a supercluster named Laniakea. Laniakea contains over 100,000 galaxies, spanning a volume of over 100 million light-years. Laniakea, as the supercluster, is not a gravitationally bound structure and will not hold together as the Universe continues to expand. In time, dark energy will tear it apart completely.
The Caelum Supercluster is a collection of over 550,000 galaxies. It is the largest of all galaxy superclusters. The expansion of the Universe works to drive all matter and energy apart. Gravitation works to pull all forms of energy together, causing massive materials to clump and cluster together.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are considered by astronomers to be the most powerful thing in the universe. Massive stars become neutron stars, theyand black holes are the heaviest things in the universe. The superclusters are ephemeral and transient. If they are not bound together by now,they will never become bound together. Most of today’s superclusters are no longer gravitationally bound structures. Laniakea links up with other clusters: the Virgo cluster, the Centaurus cluster, the Great Attractor, the Norma Cluster and many others. Dark energy keeps them from the big crunch up. Instead, dark energy is slowly pulling them apart.
This is due to the pull of dark energy. They will become islands in the great cosmic ocean. Dark energy became the dominant factor in our Universe’s evolution approximately 6 billion years ago. Some galaxies hook up via filaments between galactic groups. We have mapped out thousands of galaxy clusters in the nearby Universe. Strings of galaxies exist along the filaments connecting these large clusters. These underdense regions have given up the majority of their matter to the denser, galaxy-rich clusters.
Dark energy has a curious property: as the universe expands, its density remains constant. In the early universe, when matter (normal matter or dark matter) was dense, its density far exceeded that of dark energy, and dark energy played no significant role. Around 5 billion years ago, the density of matter dropped below that of dark energy. After that, dark energy was in charge. Dark energy is repulsive, it pushes things away from each other. The denser custers that are still bound togrther by gravity, remain more or less intact, as they accelerate away from each other.
Dark matter makes up 26.8 percent of the matter-energy composition of the Universe; the rest is dark energy (68.3 percent) and ordinary visible matter (4.9 percent). Dark matter comprises 26.8 percent of the Universe and is nonbaryonic and nonrelativistic. It is entirely invisible to light and other electromagnetic radiation. There are two forms of quantum gravity, large-scale quantum gravity governing galaxies and small-scale quantum gravity. They operate on a binary basis. Space-time is being stretched apart.
Antigravity is created when ordinary matter and antimatter repel one another. Antimatter doesn’t emit radiation that our current sensors can detect. We can’t see antimatter superstructures, but we can observe their effects on our visible Universe. Antimatter resides in the voids between the superclusters of matter. The Universe’s accelerated expansion is caused by large-scale gaps scattered throughout the cosmos. These voids contain invisible pockets of antimatter.
