Collapsed neutron stars produce Axions in their hot cores
VERN BENDER
The standard model includes 24 fields. 12 fermion fields and 12 boson fields. Plus four force fields.
Why doesn’t the Higgs boson pickup mass or lose speed as it zips through the rest of the particle mass fields?
A particle gets its mass as it passes through the Higgs field. Different particles interact with the Higgs field with different strengths, and hence some particles have a heavier, larger mass than others, and some particles have no mass. As other particles of matter, such as electrons, move through the Higgs field, they interact with the Higgs bosons, which cling to or cluster around the matter particles and give them their mass.
The Higgs boson gets its mass just like other particles—from its interactions with the Higgs field. Quarks are among the smallest particles in the universe, and they carry only fractional electric charges.
An invisible, universe-wide field provided mass to all matter right after the Big Bang. The Higgs field gives particles mass, which allows them to bind and form things.
Dark matter particles may be Axions. Axions exist and have low mass within a specific range, and they could be a component of cold dark matter. They could resolve the strong charge parity (CP) problem in quantum chromo- dynamics. They are a part of an unknown particle field.
Axions would extend the standard model. Axions are ghost particles, and they exist because of specific properties of the strong- force.
Axions are incredibly light and don’t interact with ordinary matter. Collapsed neutron stars produce Axions in their hot cores, and a strong magnetic field transforms them into X-ray photons when they escape from the collapsed neutron star into space. Neutron stars are whizzing pulsars, which release copious amounts of x-rays without axions. Our sun can also produce axions in its interior that then stream into space. Neutron-generated axions are the start-up component of dark matter, and every star in the universe then feeds the dark matter field, ongoing. When the axions leave the stars, they take their energy with them.
