Who can go the distance? We’ll find out, in the long run.
VERN BENDER
Quantum mechanics could feasibly turn the event horizon into a giant wall of fire, and anything coming into contact would burn in an instant. Black holes lead nowhere because nothing could ever get inside. This, however, violates Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
A black hole is an area of such immense gravity that nothing—not even light—can escape from it. Black holes form at the end of some stars’ lives. The energy that held the star together disappears, and it collapses in on itself, producing a magnificent explosion.
They tie the areas of black holes to the amount of disorder in the universe. Ripples in space-time are caused by the merging of two distant black holes.
The surface area of a black hole can’t decrease. Therefore, the second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy or disorder of a closed system must always increase. Because a black hole’s entropy is proportional to its surface area, both must always increase.
Black holes should evaporate over an extremely long time scale, so figuring out the source of the contradiction between the two theories could reveal new physics.
A black hole’s surface area can’t be decreased, like the second thermodynamics law. It also has conservation of mass, as you can’t reduce its mass, so that’s analogous to the preservation of energy. Black holes have an entropy, and it’s proportional to their area. There are four types of black holes: stellar, intermediate, supermassive, and miniature. The most commonly known way a black hole form is by stellar death. Earth is orbiting the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. The earth’s surface at the equator moves at a speed of 460 meters per second–or roughly 1,000 miles per hour. So the planet may be closer to a supermassive black hole than thought.
A spherical boundary known as the event horizon sets A black hole’s surface area out. Beyond this point, nothing, not even light, can escape its powerful gravitational pull. A black hole’s surface area increases with its mass, and because no object thrown inside can exit, its surface area cannot decrease. But a black hole’s surface area also shrinks the more it spins. By adding mass, the spin will make it so that you end up with a more extensive area. As they spin around each other faster and faster, the gravitational waves increase in amplitude more and more until they eventually plunge into each other, making this big burst of waves.
What you’re left with is a new black hole that’s in this excited state. The surface area of the newly created black hole is greater than that of the initial two combined. The theory of general relativity, where the area law came from. It does a very effective job of describing black holes and other large-scale objects.
Black holes cannot shrink according to general relativity, but they can according to quantum mechanics. It emitted a fog of particles at the edges of black holes through strange quantum effects. This leads the black holes to shrink and, eventually, over some time several times longer than the universe’s age, evaporate. Laws of physics breakdown in the long run. Does gravity outlast quantum mechanics?
Who can go the distance? We’ll find out in the long run.
