SUSY super partners consist of a spontaneously broken symmetry
VERN BENDER
Multiverse speculations are ruled out of this model. A multiverse is implied in a few forms of inflation models, but not many. Predictions of a multiverse existing will never get beyond hypothetical speculation. A multiverse holds the title of the most extreme extrapolation in the history of science. A multiverse is all about a God workaround.
The concordance model is the Lambda CDM model (which includes cold dark matter and a cosmological constant). In this model, the Universe is 13.7 billion years old and comprises 4% baryonic matter, 23% dark matter, and 73% dark energy. These observables can be broken down into three parts gravity (matter density), curvature, and pressure or negative energy given by the cosmological constant. … We refer to these ratios as Omega.
Cosmological Constant, also known as Lambda
This term balances the attractive force of gravity contributed by all of the matter in the universe. Physically, this term represents the “vacuum energy,” the possibility that space possesses density and pressure, thus preventing the universe from collapsing.
Mediocrity’s mediocrity principle is the philosophical notion that if an item is drawn at random from one of several sets or categories, it’s likelier to come from the most numerous category than from any more minor multiple types. This is a self-consistency test.
In classical physics, an effect cannot occur before its cause.
The fine-tuning hypothesis, which asserts that the natural conditions for intelligent life are implausibly rare. The cause of randomness can never have the effect of producing a universe, let alone known thought entities that reside within it.
In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a binary interaction between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer-valued spin. In supersymmetry, each particle from one group has an associated particle in the other, known as its binary superpartner, the spin of which differs by a half-integer. Symmetries in nature power our fundamental understanding of the cosmos, from the universality of gravity to the unification of nature’s forces at high energies.
Each pair of superpartners share the same mass and internal quantum numbers besides spin. These SUSY superpartners consist of a spontaneously broken symmetry, allowing the superpartners to differ in mass.
Spontaneously broken supersymmetry mediates the weak force and gravity’s binary interaction with it.
Symmetry provides us with the laws of conservation. Subatomic particles can’t have any amount of rotation they wish. Instead, each kind of particle gets its unique amount of spin. Some particles like the electron get to the spin of ½, while other particles like the photon spin 1.
There are two great “families” of particles: those with half-integer (1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc.) spin, and those with whole-integer (0, 1, 2, etc.) spin. Fermions are half spins, and they are made up of the building blocks of our world: electrons, quarks, neutrinos, and so on. The whole spins are bosons and are the carriers of nature’s forces: photons, gluons, and the rest.
The universe as a whole is in thermal equilibrium. Life requires low entropy, away from equilibrium. We are in one of those regions. The universe is always a mix of inflating and non-inflating regions; again, lucky for us. The temperature of a post-inflation region is highest as inflation ends and drops as the universe expands. Other parts of the universe continued to inflate after our area had stopped inflating.
The Universe Is Getting Hot, Hot, Hot. Temperature Has Increased 10-Fold Over the Last 10 Billion Years. A 2020 study found that gas’s mean temperature across the universe has increased more than ten times over that period. It has reached about 2 million degrees, Kelvin (4 million degrees Fahrenheit). The universe is warming because of the natural process of galaxy and structure formation.
