- ELECTRIC MUD: LIFE FORMS EVOLVE FROM OCEAN MUD, AND LIFE FORMS EVOLVE FROM LAND MUD.
- THE EVENT ORIGINATOR BROUGHT FORTH LIFE FORMS FROM BOTH THE LAND AND THE SEA.
- ELECTRIC MUD IS DESIGNED TO GENERATE SPECIFIC, COMPLEX INFORMATION.
- How?
- 1. Some bacteria can join end to end to form cables that conduct electricity. (Cables of specified microbes.)
- 2. These cables of specialized microbes transfer electrons that operate the metabolism of other organisms. Cable bacteria are ubiquitous.
- 3. Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are the basis of all metabolism.
- 4. Mud bacteria recycle crucial elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
- Cylindrical protein sheaths are built up that pass electrons from cell to cell through the sheath of wires.
- The 2nd type of conductive mud microbe is “nanowire bacteria.” They have a different structures but do the same job.
- Both of these wires make mud more habitable for other life forms. They are particularly efficient ecosystem engineers.
- Bacteria are living organisms with molecular machines built by and storing information in coded form. Mud is loaded with complex specified information.
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- Every symmetry of physics laws leads to a conservation law, and every conservation law arises from a symmetry in the laws of physics.
- Symmetry is the casual structure built into the creation module. The creation module has a two-way arrow of time built into it. All current information is always passed back into the versatile storage unit. These informational totals can’t be changed or deleted.
- The closed sub-atomic quantum system is a duplicate of the macro quantum system. The two systems interact on a binary basis.
- A DESIGNING CREATOR’S MIND PRODUCED THIS CURRENT UNIVERSE.
- THE LAW THAT CONTROLS ALL PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IS THIS:
- ALL THINGS ARE TRIUNE, WITH BINARY INTERACTIVES. THIS IS THE LINKAGE BETWEEN MATTER AND FORCE-CARRYING PARTICLES. THE LINKAGE BETWEEN THE PARTICLE ZOO IS CONTROLLED BY FERMIONS AND BOSONS.
- THE REALITY OF HOW LIFE FORMS CAME ABOUT ON THIS REMOTE BLUE MARBLE IS THIS: THE EVENT ORIGINATOR WROTE THE CODE, PRODUCED THE BLUEPRINT, AND USED AN EVOLVEMENT PROCESS TO OBTAIN THE REQUISITE RESULT. IT’S ALL JUST A BINARY SOFTWARE.
- IT’S ALL ABOUT THE CODE THAT YOU START WITH.
- THE DESIGNER/CREATOR’S PROCESS : (recap).
- 1ST: Write the code for the upcoming big bang to create another universe. (One universe does not make an infinity.)
- 2nd: Write the code for the design and descent for all intended results as the event unfolds. ( One event does not require an eternity to make).
- 3rd: Set the event in motion. All things are triune, with binary interactives.
- 4th: Monitor, fine-tune, adjust, and select out ongoing.
- 5th: Use DESIGN AND DECENT as the process. Write a separately coded blueprint for the consciousness of the known thought reposers.
- 6th: It’s not the people; it’s the event.
- 7th: Harvesting new crops of known thought reposers was the intended result.
- Starting about 5,000 years ago, humans began clearing the land of trees and placing dams and dykes. We also started polluting bodies of water.
- Despite its ubiquity, mud still harbors mysteries. There is a vast menagerie of organisms that live in mud. Mud plays an immense role in cycling carbon. Bacteria in the mud are fashioned into microbial fuel cells that generate electricity. This mud property is found in both fresh and saltwater. A second type is nanowire bacteria that can move electrons over short distances. It forms an electric biosphere. Cylindrical sheaths holding up to 50 parallel fibers glued together to function as an electrical cable. These cables enable microbes to transfer the electrons gained to become oxygen-rich sediment. This chemical reaction releases the energy needed to fuel life.
- RANDOM DESIGNING IN ACTION:
- The teleological argument is known as a physio-theological argument, the argument from design, or the intelligent design argument) is an argument for the existence of God or, more generally, for an intelligent creator based on perceived evidence of “intelligent design.”
- ELECTRIC MUD:
- Nanowire bacteria are even more broadly distributed. Researchers have found them in soils, rice paddies, deep subsurface, sewage treatment plants, freshwater, and marine sediments. They may exist wherever biofilms form, and the ubiquity of biofilms provides further evidence of the significant role these bacteria may play in nature. Bacteria in mud samples have been transformed into microbial fuel cells generating enough electricity to power a toy car.
- Hydrogen sulfide Oxygen (O2) OXIDATION REDUCTION ELECTRON TRANSFER–Acetate Carbon dioxide+Electrons travel along nanowires or bacterial cables.e–Sulfide Sulfate ++ Hydrogen challenging environment In the ocean and freshwater sediments, the oxygen needed for metabolism is typically restricted to surface layers or near plant roots. In deeper layers, toxic hydrogen sulfide accumulates as organic matter decays. Nanowire bacteria are found almost everywhere microbiologists have looked; these bacteria shuttle electrons gained through the oxidation of organic compounds along protein nanowires to electron-accepting substances or cells. Sometimes these wires are used to grab electrons instead. Cable bacteria, These bacteria create a cylinder of conducting wires that encases a chain of cells. The cables enable the microbes to transfer electrons gained by oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to oxygen-rich sediment, where the electrons make water—Mud’s electric microbes. At least two kinds of bacteria have evolved electric solutions to gain energy. These microbes, first discovered in mud, separate the reduction and oxidation reactions that release the energy needed to fuel life. To enable these reactions, nanowire bacteria move electrons micrometers between cells, particles, or other electron acceptors. Cable bacteria move electrons farther: up to 5 centimeters, to oxygen-rich sediments.
Bacteria in mud samples fashioned into microbial fuel cells generate enough electricity to power a toy car.
- It all began with the mysterious disappearance of hydrogen sulfide. The microbiologist had collected black, stinky mud from the bottom of Aarhus Harbor in Denmark, dropped it into giant glass beakers, and inserted custom microsensors that detected changes in the mud’s chemistry. At the start of the experiment, the muck was saturated with hydrogen sulfide—the source of the sediment’s stink and color. But 30 days later, one band of mud had become paler, suggesting some hydrogen sulfide had gone missing. Eventually, the microsensors indicated that all of the compounds had disappeared. Given what scientists knew about the biogeochemistry of mud, recalls Nielsen, who works at Aarhus University. This didn’t make sense.
- The first explanation was that the sensors were wrong. But the cause turned out to be far stranger: bacteria that join cells end to end to build electrical cables able to carry current up to 5 centimeters through the mud. The adaptation, never seen before in a microbe, allows these so-called cable bacteria to overcome a significant challenge facing many organisms that live in the ground: a lack of oxygen. Its absence usually keeps bacteria from metabolizing compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, as food. But the cables, by linking the microbes to sediments richer in oxygen, allow them to carry out the reaction long distance.
- When Nielsen first described the discovery in 2009, colleagues were skeptical. Filip Meysman, a chemical engineer at the University of Antwerp, recalls thinking, “This is complete nonsense.” Yes, researchers knew bacteria could conduct electricity, but not over the distances, Nielsen was suggesting. It was “as if our metabolic processes would have an effect 18 kilometers away,” says microbiologist Andreas Teske of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
- But the more researchers have looked for “electrified” mud, the more they have found it in both saltwater and fresh. They have also identified a second kind of mud-loving electric microbe: nanowire bacteria, individual cells that grow protein structures capable of moving electrons over shorter distances. These nanowire microbes live seemingly everywhere—including in the human mouth.
Threads of electron-conducting cable bacteria can stretch up to 5 centimeters from deeper mud, where oxygen is scarce and hydrogen sulfide is expected, to surface layers richer in oxygen.
The discoveries are forcing researchers to rewrite textbooks; rethink mud bacteria’s role in recycling key elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus; and reconsider how they influence aquatic ecosystems and climate change. Scientists are also pursuing practical applications, exploring the potential of cable and nanowire bacteria to battle pollution and power electronic devices (see sidebar below). “We are seeing way more interactions within microbes and between microbes being done by electricity,” Meysman says. “I call it the electrical biosphere.”
- MOST CELLS THRIVE by robbing electrons from one molecule, a process called oxidation, and donating them to another molecule, usually oxygen—so-called reduction. Energy harvested from these reactions drives the other methods of life. In eukaryotic cells, including our own, such “redox” reactions occur on the mitochondria’s inner membrane, and the distances involved are tiny—just micrometers. That is why so many researchers were skeptical of Nielsen’s claim that cable bacteria were moving electrons across a span of mud equivalent to the width of a golf ball.
- The vanishing hydrogen sulfide was vital in proving it. Bacteria produce the compound in mud by breaking down plant debris and other organic material; in deeper sediments, hydrogen sulfide builds up because there is little oxygen to help other bacteria break it down. Yet, in Nielsen’s laboratory beakers, the hydrogen sulfide was disappearing anyway. Moreover, a rusty hue appeared on the mud’s surface, indicating that an iron oxide had formed.
- What if bacteria buried in the mud completed the redox reaction by bypassing the oxygen-poor layers? What if they used ample supplies of hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor instead, then shuttled the electrons upward to the oxygen-rich surface? There, the oxidation process would produce rust if iron was present.
- Finding what was carrying these electrons proved complicated. First, Nils Risgaard-Petersen on Nielsen’s team had to rule out a more straightforward possibility: metallic particles in the sediment shuttled electrons to the surface and caused the oxidation. He accomplished that by inserting a layer of glass beads, which don’t conduct electricity, into a column of mud. Despite that obstacle, the researchers still detected an electric current moving through the mud, suggesting metallic particles were not the conductor.
- To see whether some cable or wire was ferrying electrons, the researchers used a tungsten wire to make a horizontal slice through a mud column. The current flickered out as if a wire had been snipped. Other work narrowed down the conductor’s size, suggesting it had to be at least 1 micrometer in diameter. “That’s the conventional size for bacteria,” Nielsen says.
- Ultimately, electron micrographs revealed a likely candidate: long, thin, bacterial filaments that appeared in the layer of glass beads inserted in the beakers filled with the Aarhus Harbor mud. Each filament was composed of a stack of cells—up to 2000—encased in a rigid outer membrane. In the space between that membrane and the stacked cells, many parallel “wires” stretched the length of the filament. The cable-like appearance inspired the microbe’s common name.
- Meysman, the one-time skeptic, quickly became a convert. Shortly after Nielsen announced his discovery, Meysman examined one of his marine mud samples. “I noticed the same color changes in the sediment he saw,” Meysman recalls. “It was an instruction from Mother Nature to take this more seriously.”
- His team began to develop tools and techniques for investigating the microbes, sometimes working collaboratively with Nielsen’s group. It was tough going. The bacterial filaments tended to degrade quickly once isolated, and standard electrodes for measuring currents in small conductors didn’t work. But once the researchers learned how to pick out a single filament and quickly attach a customized electrode, “We saw high conductivity,” Meysman says. The living cables don’t rival copper wires, he says, but they are on par with conductors used in solar panels and cell phone screens, as well as the best organic semiconductors.
- The researchers also dissected the cable bacteria’s anatomy. They isolated the cylindrical sheath using chemical baths, finding it held 17 to 60 parallel fibers glued along the inside. The sheath is the source of the conductance, Meysman and colleagues reported last year in Nature Communications. Its exact composition is still unknown, but it could be protein-based.
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- VERN BENDER VERN BENDER
- Every symmetry physics law leads to a conservation law, and every conservation law arises from a symmetry in the laws of physics.
- THE LAW THAT CONTROLS ALL PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IS THIS:
- ALL THINGS ARE TRIUNE, WITH BINARY INTERACTIVES. THIS IS THE LINKAGE BETWEEN MATTER AND FORCE-CARRYING PARTICLES. FERMIONS AND BOSONS CONTROL THE LINKAGE BETWEEN THE PARTICLE ZOO.
- THE REALITY OF HOW LIFE FORMS CAME ABOUT ON THIS REMOTE BLUE MARBLE IS THIS: THE EVENT ORIGINATOR WROTE THE CODE, PRODUCED THE BLUEPRINT, AND USED AN EVOLVEMENT PROCESS TO OBTAIN THE REQUISITE RESULT. IT’S ALL JUST A BINARY SOFTWARE PROGRAM.
- IT’S ALL ABOUT THE CODE THAT YOU START WITH.
- THE DESIGNER/CREATOR’S PROCESS : (recap).
- 1ST: Write the code for the upcoming big bang to create another universe.
- (One universe does not make an infinity.)
- 2nd: Write the code for the design and evolvement for all intended results as the event unfolds.
- ( One event does not require an eternity to make).
- 3rd: Set the event in motion.
- (All things are triune, with binary interactives).
- 4th: Monitor, fine-tune, adjust, and select out ongoing.
- 5th: Use DESIGN AND EVOLVE as the process. Write a separately coded blueprint for the consciousness of the known thought reposers.
- 6th: It’s not the people; it’s the event.
- 7th: Harvesting new crops of known thought reposers is the intended result.
- ONE EVENT DOES NOT MAKE AN ETERNITY.
- ONE UNIVERSE DOES NOT MAKE AN INFINITY.
- EVOLUTION IS ONLY PART OF THE PROCESS USED.
- ALL THINGS ARE TRIUNE, WITH BINARY INTERACTIVES.
- BEYOND GOOD AND EVIL IS ONLY GOOD.
- IT’S NOT THE PEOPLE, ITS THE EVENT.
- GET BACK TO WHERE YOU ONCE BELONGED.
- IN THE END, CHOICES ARE NEVER FREE.
- WHAT TO DO, IS UP TO YOU.
- GETTING BEYOND EVIL IS A START.
- www.vernbender.com
- The reality of the unseen is beyond your ken.
- It resides on the backside of the space-time continuum.
- www.vernbender.com
- Symmetry is the casual structure built into the creation module. The creation module has a two-way arrow of time built into it. All current information is always passed back into the versatile storage unit. These informational totals can’t be changed or deleted.
- The closed subatomic quantum system is a duplicate of the macro quantum system. The two systems interact on a binary basis.
- DNA is a codebook that issues instructions. DNA is the governing force that issues instructions to specific proteins at specific times and amounts.
- DNA is an information structure. The gene blueprint regulates gene activity. DNA issues instructions three at a time. It maintains gene production and regulation to deliver the correct gene functions. Genes are networked in a complex, sequenced network. The gene network self-schedules and provides the required results.
- Information is physical, and it represents the ultimate nature of reality. These surprisingly simple assertions have many profound consequences. Information theory is the wellspring of our contemporary digital world. The universe is an information network. Life is an informational structure. Quantum gravity interacts with the universe’s knowledge base. This knowledge base stores the human consciousness bits. Growing and storing the knowledge bytes from the known thought reposer’s production is why this current universe exists. The universe’s information structure built the universe. This information structure operates this universe. When the universe matures, the consciousness bytes generated by the known thought reposers are saved. They will be used again in the next universe.
- The triune combined functions of consciousness, quantum gravity, and quantum entanglement act as one from the underside of the fabric of space-time.
- THE UNIVERSE GENERATES AND STORES ALL OF THE BITS OF CONSCIOUSNESS. IT’S ALL ABOUT THE BYTES.
