fermions
1. Electron, muon, tau (electric charge –1).
2. Electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino (neutral).
3. Up quark, charm quark, top quark (charge +2/3).
4. Down quark, strange quark, bottom quark (charge –1/3).
Bosons
1. Graviton (gravity; spacetime curvature).
2. Photon (electromagnetism).
3. Eight gluons (strong nuclear force).
4. W and Z bosons (weak nuclear force).
5. Higgs boson.
— Carroll, Sean. Ibid (pp. 433-434), Appendix: The Equation Underlying You and Me.
Gauge bosons
Interactions in the Standard Model. All Feynman diagrams in the model are built from combinations of these vertices. q is any quark, g is a gluon, X is any charged particle, γ is a photon, f is any fermion, m is any particle with mass (with the possible exception of the neutrinos), mB is any boson with mass. In diagrams with multiple particle labels separated by ‘/’, one particle label is chosen. In diagrams with particle labels separated by ‘|’, the labels must be chosen in the same order. For example, in the four boson electroweak case the valid diagrams are WWWW, WWZZ, WWγγ, WWZγ. The conjugate of each listed vertex (reversing the direction of arrows) is also allowed.[39]
The Standard Model includes 4 kinds of gauge bosons of spin 1,[34] with bosons being quantum particles containing an integer spin. The gauge bosons are defined as force carriers, as they are responsible for mediating the fundamental interactions.
3 for neutrinos (electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino)
1 for photon (carrier of electromagnetic force)
1 for gluon (carrier of strong nuclear force)
1 for W weak boson (charged carrier of weak nuclear force)
1 for Z weak boson (neutral carrier of weak nuclear force)
1 for Higgs.
The Standard Model has 17 quantum fields: 12 matter fields, four force fields, and the Higgs field. They all interact gravitationally, it is presumed. The gravitational field is not considered a quantum field until a viable theory of quantum gravity is established.
The six quark fields are confined; no free quarks have been seen. They interact via the gluon field, which confines them inside protons and is also confined itself.
Quarks and electrons (three types) are electrically charged and interact electromagnetically
The Higgs is exceptional and plays a different role. Some components are wrapped up in the weak force with the W and Z. One component is left over and gives many of the other particles mass. Its excitation is the Higgs boson. Quarks x 6; electrons x 3; neutrinos x 3. Photon, W, Z, and gluon fields.
3 for charged leptons (electron, muon, tau)
THE OTHER 16 QUANTUM FIELDS INPUT THE RANDOM RESULTS TO THE HIGGS FIELD. COMPLETED ATOMS ARE THEN CONSTRUCTED ON THE HIGGS FIELD.
A classical field is a function of spatial and time coordinates.
Two-point correlation function.
ALL THINGS ARE TRIUNE, WITH BINARY INTERACTIVES.
Canonical quantization.
The quantization procedure for the above classical field to a quantum operator field is analogous to the promotion of a classical harmonic oscillator to a quantum harmonic oscillator.
The Standard Model of particle physics identifies 17 fundamental particles: 12 fermions (6 quarks and 6 leptons) and 5 bosons. These particles are considered the basic building blocks of matter and the mediators of fundamental forces.
Quantum field theory is the result of combining classical field theory, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. Quantum field theory naturally began with the study of electromagnetic interactions, as the electromagnetic field was the only known classical field as of the 1920s.
Historically, the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking was a result of Yoichiro Nambu‘s application of superconductor theory to elementary particles, while the concept of renormalization came out of the study of second-order phase transitions in matter
The Standard Model of particle physics describes 17 quantum fields. These fields are associated with fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. They are categorized as matter fields (fermions) and force fields (bosons). The Higgs field is also a fundamental field in the Standard Model.
Here’s a breakdown of the 17 fields:
Electrons, in addition to being particles, are simultaneously waves in the “electron field.” Quarks are waves in the “quark field” (and since there are six types of quarks, there are six quark fields), and so forth.
speed thinly throughout space, something called an electron field. Ripples of the electron field get tied up into a bundle of energy by quantum mechanics. And this bundle of energy is what we call an electron. Similarly, there is a quark field, a gluon field, and a Higgs boson field.
