Dark energy is intrinsic to space itself.

Cosmology is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and the future. According to NASA, the definition of cosmology is “the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole.
. One of the most intriguing puzzles in cosmology today is that of the Hubble tension involving the measurement of Hubble constant H_{0}, which gives the rate of expansion of the Universe.
A type I supernova occurs in closed binary systems where two average stars orbit around each other quite closely. When one of the stars exhausts its hydrogen, it will enter the red giant stage and then collapse into a white dwarf. A type II supernova occurs in more prominent stars of around ten solar masses—a Type II supernova results from the rapid collapse and explosion of a massive star. The star fuses increasingly higher mass elements, starting with hydrogen and then helium, progressing up through the periodic table until a core of iron and nickel is produced. Type II supernovae have less sharp peaks at maxima and peaks at about 1 billion solar luminosities. They die away more sharply than Type I.
In a core-collapse supernova, the outer part of the core rebounds from the inner, high-density core, destroying the entire outer part of the star.
Astronomers estimate the distance of nearby objects in space by using a method called stellar parallax, or trigonometric parallax. Simply put, they measure a star’s apparent movement against the background of more distant stars as Earth revolves around the sun.
A warping of spacetime causes gravity. It curves space and slows the flow of time. . Changes in the bending of spacetime propagate through spacetime at the speed of light.
As light travels away from a galaxy, the Universe is continually expanding, meaning that the distance the light needs to travel is constantly increasing as well. As space stretches out underneath a beam of light, its wavelength increases, and its energy decreases.
May the force be with you, or maybe not:
Dark energy is intrinsic to space itself. As space expands, the dark energy density remains constant rather than decreasing or increasing. As new space gets created
In a place with lots of matter, the attractive forces of gravity are more significant than the repulsive forces of dark energy
In a place with lots of matter, the attractive forces of gravity are more significant than the repulsive forces of dark energy. In primarily empty spaces, the repulsive forces of dark energy are much larger than the attractive forces of gravity.
The first direct evidence for dark energy came from supernova observations in 1998 for accelerated expansion.
Dark matter is not baryonic, but it is made up of other, more exotic particles like axions or WIMPS (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles).

The escape velocity is a function of the orbital velocity of an object. In a high-density galaxy, gravity holds things together.
In a low-density galaxy, gravity is less dominant, matter escaping the galaxy is higher. Most large stars blow up. Lesser stars burn out into gas, dust, and radiation. Black holes are formed from many star deaths. Black holes also end up radiating away. Life goes on.
Dark energy pulls away, while dark matter does the pushing. If dark energy wins, we have a flyaway. If dark matter wins, crunched-up wins.